War Between Cell Phone Carriers - 860 Words

War Between Cell Phone Carriers Most adults, teens, and even children all around the world have cell phones. Technology has become a large part of our lives, especially in regards to the social aspect. Just walking down a street, there are a countless number of people on their phones. Most of the phones we see have a phone company’s brand name on it, such as ATT and Verizon. These kinds of companies like to make commercials about how their company is better than the others in order to gain consumers. When looking at commercials, two cell phone companies’ tell their consumers just how much they are the best cell phone company. One of the companies, ATT, shows people rolling orange tarps down landmarks and historic buildings across America in a 2010 commercial. This rolling of the tarps symbolizes for consumers that they will have coverage almost anywhere they travel. On the other hand, in a 2014 Verizon commercial, a â€Å"television host† asks various people off the street to look at a map Verizon has created to demonstrate the coverage area difference between the four major cell phone carriers (ATT, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon). The goal is to prove that Verizon has the largest coverage area. Even though these companies may or may not say it aloud, both companies try to emphasize how much better they are in comparison to their competition. In the two commercials created by ATT and Verizon, they have some similarities that are clearly visible. For example, both companiesShow MoreRelatedWireless Market Is Marked By Strong Competition1512 Words   |  7 Pagesby strong competition. There are different operators constantly contending for new customer and looking to steal competitors customers. The demanding of consumer are continued to increase, so the operators must be careful to maintain the balance between capital spending for network and upgrades, technological choices, and evolving competitive data plans in order to navigate to the top as a market leader. This market has been great and active and the trends that are driving this growth industryRead MoreAnalysis of the Use of Mobile Phones on Airplanes1216 Words   |  5 Pagesusage of mobile phones on aircrafts. Researchers have indicated that rules and regulations have been formulated to affirm that no one has the legal right of operating a cell phone in a plane. In the recent past, flight accidents have been on the increase with a number being pegged on hijackers, who use their mobile phones to communicate. Several specialized committees comprising independent parties that have been formed to look into plane accidents normally blame the usage of phones during flightsRead MorePots (Plain Old Telephone Service)1503 Words   |  7 PagesPOTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). The landline phone has been on the decline and has been replaced with cellphones. In the late 90’s and early 2000s the landline was used to connect to the internet. To cellphones can be used as mobile hotspo ts to connect wirelessly to the internet using a laptop, notebook, Generation Y is contributing factor of the cellphone is now become a house phone. Consumers, who like the variety and the convenience of mobile phone allows the cellphone very accessible. AccordingRead MoreThe Unethical Practices Of Bill Cramming2973 Words   |  12 Pagesshareholder value. This paper is intended to inform the reader about the unethical practices known as bill cramming. Bill cramming is a tactic, used by U.S. cell phone service providers, that charges their customers for services the customers have never used or authorized. Third party companies submit the charges to the cell phone carrier and the carrier adds it to the customer’s invoice. When the monthly bill comes each month, the fraudulent charges are worded in a way that is virtually impossible to decipherRead Moreemerging Nokia Essay3032 Words   |  13 Pagesthe developed and the developing markets. PORTERS FIVE FORCES (SEE APPENDIX 1) 2 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, ECONOMICS AND TRENDS Below mentioned industry structure and trends can be observed in developing and developed markets: Commonality between Both the Markets  · A number of computer manufacturer such as Dell, Acer, Apple and Google have entered the market, thereby, threatening mainstream handset manufacturers dominance.  · In the software for handsets, ecosystemsRead MoreEssay FREEMOBILE TO CHALLENGE THE FRENCH MOBILE INCUMBENTS1563 Words   |  7 Pagesparties to create legislation that it makes it harder for new player to enter the industry and to favor the current providers. The problem has been that only 3 or 4 big players (depending on the market) are the only providers of internet of mobile phones, the lack of suppliers kills competition and gives these companies the complete 3 RUNNING HEADER: FREEMOBILE TO CHALLENGE THE FRENCH MOBILE INCUMBENTS control the market. Less competition equals to high prices and bad quality. Freemobile has aRead MoreThe birth of the camera phone happened on June 11th, 1997 when Phillippe Kahn used to a cell phone1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe birth of the camera phone happened on June 11th, 1997 when Phillippe Kahn used to a cell phone to send a picture of his newborn daughter to more than 2,000 people around the world. There was no proper device known as a camera phone before this, so Kahn hacked together a digital camera and a cell phone in order to send the photos in real time. Kahn later began LightSurf, a company that was hugely influential in picture messaging. LightSurf technology is still being used by Sprint, Verizon, andRead More80s Music History990 Words   |  4 Pagesday is considered by many to have affirmed the beginning of the end of the Cold War and the fall of communism. On Nov. 9-11, 1989, the people of a free Berlin tore down that wall. The tearing of the wall represting the reuniting of Germany. Cell Phones In the early 1980s it became more popular to have a car phone. The costs were high. A car phone could cost between $200 and $1000 dollars plus installation. The phone plans in the 1980s were not like they are today. You could get a 30 minute planRead MoreQatar Airways Case Study1213 Words   |  5 Pageshowever flights working between Doha to Maldives proceeds for the present (Travel desk, 2017). The greatest drop came in UAE and KSA, where net appointments tumbled to around 147,000. (Financial Times,2017) The effect is as of now terrible because it has driven up flight times and in this way costs will increase. As the airspace fixes, the issue deteriorates, said flying examiner Addison Schonland from US-based Air Insight. Operationally, this is a limitation for the carrier that is more likely thanRead MoreHow Telecommunication from Start to Finish Has Changed Business3510 Words   |  15 Pagesimprovements where made over time to the telephone. Around 1935 the first phone call ar ound the world was made. Twelve years later in 1947 the basic concept of the cellular phone began. It was named ‘cellular’ because it uses many base stations that divide a service area into multiple ‘cells (Bellis,n.d.). In the early 70s Motorola made the first cell phone call. Now 40 years later almost 50% of the world has a cell phone (Reuter, 2010). From the first telegraph transmission to the first telephone

Thomas Hobbes And John Locke - 1256 Words

Differing greatly from the views of Plato, Socrates (as seen through Plato’s teachings), and Aristotle, modern philosophers focused more prominently on human nature instead of the pressing matters of diverse government systems. Granted, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke do discuss political systems to some extent, but they are nowhere near as invested in the ideas of the just and political systems which enticed Plato and Socrates. John Locke was a forward thinker who believed that man is inherently a social animal. Thomas Hobbes takes the counter to this theory with the belief that man is not a social animal at all, and the constructs of society can only work through the power of the state. Both of these men are considered modern thinkers for many reasons, even though their ideas might not always line up. The state of nature is an issue that both Locke and Hobbes took into consideration. Locke believed that within the state of nature, all men had the rights to life, liberty, and pr operty. He believed that all men were free and that they were all equals, leading to a stronger idea of democracy. Hobbes took the stance of an absolute monarch as ruler. People are born with rights which they surrender to their monarch. The monarch in turn gives them protection, which brings forth of the every-so-important social contract. With Locke’s democratic view, and Hobbes’ monarch, their beliefs become clear about the abilities of man himself. Locke saw man as being capable, from the state ofShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes886 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke911 Words   |  4 Pagessocial contract theory, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke established many of the founding ideals that contemporary Liberalism is based on. While the shared many similar positions, there are some key distinctions to be made between the arguments Hobbes and Locke make in Leviathan and Second Treatise of Civil Government, respectively. In this paper I will argue the differences between how each of them viewed the right of the subjects to revolt from the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes published his most famousRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesEifling-Question 4 Hobbes and Locke During and after the English Revolution, a few philosophers expressed different views on their philosophical outlook and life experiences. Some of the most outstanding thinkers include Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. They had opposing views on governance matters, but the two, also, had striking similarities. In addition, the two represented an increasingly modernized European population that despised absolute kingship. Both Hobbes and Locke proposed a conceptionRead MoreJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes1287 Words   |  6 Pagesknow how to balance and consider the nature of humankind and their rights. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were both political philosophers who developed theories about how the government should work. They set up their theories around The Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. Although John Locke and Thomas Hobbes had a similar goal, their beliefs and opinions were definitely not the same. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both believed in the Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. They both developedRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1346 Words   |  6 PagesContracts Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English political philosophers, who have had a lasting impact on modern political science. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both spent much of their lives attempting to identify the best form of government. Locke and Hobbes were among the most prominent of theorists when it came to social contract and human rights. A Social Contract is an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, are the twoRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke928 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is no formed society, government, laws, safety, etc. both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke take this into perspective while introducing a political view. As illustrated by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, they proposed political views on how human nature can prosper. Initially, Thomas Hobbes introduces a concept on the state of nature and its effects as well as how peace can be achieved. In Leviathan, Hobbes defines what living in a state of nature would be like and theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke888 Words   |  4 Pagesare very similar but diverge in the moments that solidify their stance on their opinion. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke is both political scientist who have made strides in the area of social contracts and share being natural law theorist also. Locke and all other natural law theorists assumed that man was by nature a social animal and there fore struck contracts with each other to secure safety among them. Hobbes assumed differently, thus his verdicts are very different from other natural law theoristsRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1494 Words   |  6 Pages1) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke share the basic assumption that a theory based off of abstract individualism, consent, sovereignty and reason will produce a peaceful and productive society. This theory is the liberal political theory, which is the philosophy of individual rights and a limited government. Both Hobbes and Locke both center the majority of their ideas off of how people’s lives should be based off of nature rights instead of natural law. This being said, people are also subject to theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1426 Words   |  6 PagesBy the second half of the 17th Century, England would experience one of the bloodiest conflicts in its history, ultimately serving to influence some of the most phenomenal political philosophers in Europe --Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. England was in constant unrest, choosing new forms of government almost on a whim in desperate attempts to restore order in the Country. The English Civil War in 1642 etched a legacy of drea d in the people of England, and the war only appeared more disastrous andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority. The following pages show how modern social contract theory especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. Modern social contract theory can trace its roots to prominent thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It is their thoughts on social contracts that lie at the center of the many spheres we are a part of. For Hobbes and Locke, social contract theory sought to analyze the relationship between rulers and the ruled

Michelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow - 1495 Words

Baker, Anderson, and Dorn (1992) talk â€Å"A Critical Thinking Approach† giving the readers six guidelines to follow when critically assessing any literary work, all of which can apply to Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow. The first guideline is about how accessible is her work. Throughout the book, Alexander made her work as clear and concise as she possibly could by explaining certain points over again in a different chapter to make sure that the audience understands what she is trying to say. Any explanation given, whether it is her own thoughts or other evidence/data is thoroughly talked about and written in such a way that the readers can easily digest its meanings. The next guideline is Authenticity. Alexander†¦show more content†¦Alexander is very specific in her book and does not use many generalization. The generalizations that are used throughout her book are careful in the sense that they cover only the material she needed to make her point to t he audience. In her first chapter, Alexander tell the history of American slavery and Reconstruction Era, etc., which was generalized to help the readers understand where Michelle was coming from in her evidence that the Jim Crow still exists today. The fifth guideline is Expertise. Within her book, Michelle Alexander has stories from real people who have been through the process of the criminal justice system Jarvious Cotton and Drake are to name a couple. She also relies on the words of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. who was imprisoned, for speaking out about the discrimination and leading the nation into Civil Rights Era. By reading, King’s words and learning about the system from those who have been in it and the hardships mass incarceration causes, Michelle Alexander can giver her readers first hand accounts of the negative effects that come from today’s discrimination. The last guideline from Baker, Anderson, and Dorn, is Objectivity. Michelle Alexander is objective for much of the book through the history and parallels of today’s Jim Crow and the original laws; however there were areas where she became subjective mainly when she was talking about her personal journey to realizing that Jim Crow has yet to

Marketing Services of Uber-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Services of Uber. Answer: Uber Technologies is an American technology company. The head office of Uber is in San Francisco, California, United States. The cab operator is currently operating in 633 cities globally. It develops markets and functions the Uber car transport and food delivery mobile apps. The drivers are using their own cars. Other ways drivers have an option to rent their car. The meaning of the brand is "topmost" or "super", and is originated from the German word Uber (Uber technologies Inc, 2017). (Source: By Author) The brand will be judged on the basis of various service encounters and how the customers can relate to the brand in an effective way. Moreover it is evident for a brand to put a significant impact on the customers experience. The company should try to improving the customer touch points (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). This can be done by improving the key areas. The organization should not leave any stone unturned while dealing with the customers. In this way they can create an ideal brand in front of the customers. This is the ideal chance for the companies in ensuring effectiveness on a long run. This Essay is based on the impact of encounters made by Uber on the customers by understanding it from real life situation (Wilson, et al 201). Uber is responsible for functioning in a significant way through improvising the services globally. For the purpose the brand has focused on providing competitive services against the local brand. In this way they are able to create a concrete difference. Service encounters do affects the business and hence required to be taken seriously in order to reduce ill-effects (Hawkins, Best, and Coney, 2010). It is the responsibility of the organization to ensure the way in which they can attain significant growth. This ensures an effective way in which the business can be caries in order to gain competitiveness. There are several moments of truth in case of the customer satisfaction, it is impossible to understand the mindset of the customer (Gummesson, 2007). Thus it is important to consider every individual facility associated with the service industry. This is eventually important for an individual to manage the business in term of managing a business on a large scale. Service industry is a mixture of emotions where the customers critic the value of service provided to them in economic sense. They compare the service of each organization on every parameter. There are different factors that allow in managing it further without any problem. There is a necessity to meet the target with the help of an effective service. This is somehow important for the organization in meeting the set tar gets. Hence it has become essential from the point of view of the organization to be a better service provider by organizing business considerably (Mills and Law, 2004). As mentioned above it is important for the business organization to use the services in the best possible way by understanding customers opinion. The service implications are not merely judged on the mathematical tools but also depend largely on the influence that the service has n the customers. The managerial implication is that these services do have a direct impact on the ROI and the market share. The purpose is to gain customer satisfaction by influencing them. This is important in case of the cab services where the trust matters. Customers prefer only safe and credible services (Lovelock, 2011). In case of avoidance of basic facilities the organization can face long term consequences. This can result in failure and can affect the growth when measured on the continuous parameter. Improvements are important for the service industry in order to gain competitiveness. While avoiding various impacts an organization can fail on its motive. These factors are important for the organizat ion while determining the cost. It is important to remove the ambiguity and to work according to the given situation. It is hence important to interact with the customer and to provide them with a better experience so that they feel accomplished. Companies these days are making huge investments in order to gain a competitive advantage. It is therefore necessary to remove the ambiguity by understanding different form of necessary information by minimizing the cost (Solomon, 2014). To conclude, it is eventually necessary for the service industry to make decision according to the needs of the customers. The essay gives information regarding the services provided by Uber and how the brand can create a difference. There is an ideal opportunity for the brand to understand the market opportunities and to work accordingly. By looking onto the current service industry it is evident to put a significant impact on the customers experience. The company should try to improve the customer experiences. This can be done by improving the key areas. In order to attain desired goals it is evident to find out the effective goal in order to create market difference. The organization should make consistent efforts in order to gain results. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Gummesson, E., 2007. Exit services marketing-enter service marketing. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 6(2), pp.113-141. Hawkins, D.I., Best, R.J. and Coney, K.A., 2010. Consumer behavior. Implications for marketing strategy, 5. Lovelock, C., 2011. Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Mills, J.E. and Law, R., 2004. Handbook of consumer behavior, tourism, and the Internet. Psychology Press. Solomon, M.R., 2014. Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Uber technologies inc,2017. Online . Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0084207D:US-uber-technologies-inc Accessed on: 15 August 2017 Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V.A., Bitner, M.J. and Gremler, D.D., 2012. Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

Family Law Human Rights of Women and Children

Question: Discuss about the Family Law for Human Rights of Women and Children. Answer: 1. In the present case, Karen and Leonardo who through a dating programme married each other after a whirlwind romance. They exchange marriage vows in church in the presence a pastor. Prior to the said marriage, Karen had made it clear to Leonardo that she has no interest in sexual intercourse and wishes to marry only for companionship. Leonardo agreed to the same but eventually changed his mind however Karen refused to engage in sexual intercourse with Leonardo. Thus, Leonardo met another woman and wishes to complete his family with her and seeks advice on ending marriage with Karen. Thus, the issue in the said case is whether the marriage between Karen and Leonardo valid and if so what options does Leonardo have ending the said marriage. Marriages in Australia are governed under two categories which are civil marriages and Muslim marriages. The civil marriages in Singapore are governed by the Registry of Marriage (ROM) according to the laws of Women Charter in Singapore. The civil marriages are conducted between couples when both the parties are non-Muslim (Oswin, 2010). The process of solemnizing a civil marriage in Singapore is very easy and the couple requires registering a date at the Registry of Marriage (ROM) or its website. The chosen date should be at least 21 days before the date of registration. A license is only given after the couple is physically available to declare the following details about their marriage:- The parties in the marriage are both above the age of 21 years If either party is minor and not previously married, the consent of the required person or the High Court is taken in writing (Teo, 2010). The parties to the marriage are 18 years and above at the time of the marriage If any of the party is previously married, they are legally divorced or a widow or a widower. No further legal impediment to the marriage exist (Weiss, 2010). The law in Singapore recognizes the concept of voidable marriages. A voidable marriage is one in which continues to remain valid despite the existence of a flaw in its validity until one of the party in the said marriage elects to terminate it. Section 106 of the Women Charter in Singapore lists the marriages which can be voidable at the option of one of the party to the marriage. Section 106(b) of the Women Charter states that a marriage in Singapore which has not been consummated due to one of the parties unwillingness to do the same can be a valid ground for electing the marriage to be voidable by the other party (Oswin, 2010). In order to prove that a said marriage is voidable, one party intending the same has to file a Writ of Nullity and prove that one of the reasons specified in section 106 of the Womens Charter exists. However, the Court can refuse to pass the Judgment of nullity making the marriage voidable if the Court believes that the plaintiff was aware of the existence of one of the reasons mentioned under section 106 of the Women Charter like intention to not consummate the marriage or pregnancy of defendant and still went ahead with the said marriage. Thus, in the said case, the only choice the plaintiff has is to file for a divorce (Tan, 2014). In Singapore, divorce is not granted before three years since the date of marriage except exceptional cruelty or hardship. The spouse who initiates the said divorce has to prove the existence of such exceptional hardships. Thus, an early divorce is granted in Singapore for reasons like mental distress, physical and mental assault, unusually adultery cruel in nature, Adultery-induced pregnancy or homosexual tendencies in spouse. The rules of divorce in Singapore are given under Chapter 1 section 91 to section 95 in the Womens Charter in Singapore (Leong, 2010). Thus, in the said case Leonardo married Karen knowing the fact that she is not interested in consummating the said marriage and wishes to marry just for companionship. In Singapore, as seen above under section 106 of the Women Charter a marriage can be voidable at the option of one of the party to marriage if they prove the existence of one reason stated under section 106 of the Women Charter (DUARA, 2010). The Women Charter states that a marriage which is not consummate due to unwillingness of one spouse can be elected as voidable by the other spouse. However, the process has to be initiated by filing a writ for the same in the Court. However, evidence of the marriage not being consummated has to be proved. However, if the defendant in the said case proves that the plaintiff has prior knowledge of existence of the intention of the defendant to not consummate the marriage, Court may refuse to grant the order of nullity (Kum, 2011). Thus, in the said case, Court will refuse to grant Leonardo with a certificate of nullity to make the said marriage voidable on the ground of unwillingness on part of Karen to consummate their marriage as he aware of the said prior to his marriage (Kim, 2010). Divorce proceedings are the next option for Leonardo. However, under the law in Singapore according to section 93 of the Women Charter married couples in Singapore cant file for divorce before 3 years from the date of their marriage. However, an early divorce is granted in case of exceptional cruelty and hardship. Thus, Leonardo in the said case has to prove that to exceptional hardship in order to obtain a divorce within 3 years of marriage. Thus, Leonardo in the said case will have to prove that he suffers from mental stress due to Karens unwillingness to consummate their marriage. The term mental stress has a very broad meaning and can include a number of things which includes stress from spouses unwillingness to involve in sexual intercourse. Thus, Leonardo can apply for early divorce by filing for a writ of divorce in the appropriate court in Singapore stating the ground on mental stress (Yeen, 2015). However, if Leonardo discovers that Karen is pregnant with a child of another man who she is secretly seeing, the ground of divorce would change. In the said case, the ground for divorce would be adultery induced pregnancy. Under the divorce law in Singapore, early divorce is granted within 3 years of marriage on the grounds of adultery or cruel adultery. Deciding whether an event falls under the preview of mental stress is on the Courts discretion, however adultery is a sure ground under which divorce is granted (Leong, 2011). Additionally, even divorce proceedings after 3 years have a valid ground of divorce which is adultery. In the said case, Karen refuses to engage in sexual intercourse with her husband Leonardo but started secretly seeing another man. Moreover Karen got pregnant with the child of another man who makes Leonardo eligible to be granted divorce from Karen on the grounds of adultery and adultery induced pregnancy (Lee, 2011). Thus, in the said case Leonardo can file for a divorce on the grounds of mental stress he suffered due to Karens unwillingness to consummate their marriage, however, on discovering about her pregnancy, he can file for a divorce on the grounds of cruel adultery or adultery induced pregnancy. 2. In the present case, Fredrick and Winnie were married for 12 long years. In the recent times, Fredrick and Winnie were quarrelling a lot leading to Fredrick staying out late and returning home drunk. Eventually, Winnie was tired of Fredrick and started dating her neighbor named Barry. When Fredrick found out about his wifes Winnies affair, he kept quite hoping it to be a passing affair and the Winnie would eventually resume loving him. However, nothing as Fredrick hoped happened and Winnie continued to find faults in Fredrick to the extent of comparing his sexual abilities with Barry, As Fredrick could not take it any longer, he asks for advice on filing for a divorce (Yeoh, Leng Dung, 2013). The family law in Singapore recognizes two types of marriages which is civil marriage and Muslim marriage. Divorce proceedings for civil marriages are conducted in the Family Courts in Singapore. Divorce can be obtained by a couple in Singapore Family Courts if both the individuals in the said marriage are Singapore citizens, are domiciled or have lived in Singapore for at least 3 years (Jones, 2014). The rules and regulations under the Women Charter regulate and govern divorce proceedings in Singapore. The Women Charter is an Act passed by the Singapore Parliament in the year 1961. The said Act was passed to protect and safeguard the rights of women in Singapore and ensure equality to women in relationships like marriage and divorces (Soon, 2013). Additionally, the Act provides for rights and obligations of husband and wives in relation to marriage, divorce and maintenance. In case a marriage is not working well, couples opt for divorce which is very common in the recent times. Under the Women Charter in Singapore, couples staying in Singapore at the time of initiation of divorce proceedings can apply for divorce in Singapore or if the said couple has resided in Singapore immediately three years before the initiation of the divorce proceedings. The Women Charter under section 93 also states certain other conditions on couples divorcing in Singapore (Sun, Chong Lim, 2014). This condition states that a couple who is married in Singapore under the civil marriage laws cannot initiate divorce proceedings three years prior to their date of marriage. Moreover, divorce is granted only when a marriage between two parties is broken down irretrievably which infers that it is impossible to save the said marriage. However, if one of the spouses establishes exceptional cruelty divorce is granted before or within 3 years of marriage. This is called early divorce. The spouse who initiates a divorce proceeding is called plaintiff and the other spouse who has to defend the said proceeding is called the defendant. Thus, the plaintiff has to establish one of the following grounds which are listed in section 93 of the Women Charter to validly justify initiating divorce proceedings in Singapore: The defendant has engaged in adultery and the plaintiff finds it impossible to live with the defendant Unreasonable behavior on part of the defendant which makes it impossible for the plaintiff to live with or reside with the defendant The defendant has deserted the plaintiff for a minimum period of 2 years The plaintiff and defendant consent to the divorce and have lived part for 2 years The plaintiff and defendant have lived apart for a period of 4 years. In the said case no consent is required for a valid divorce (Yeoh, Leng Dung, 2013). For initiating or commencing divorce proceedings in Singapore, one can file a writ of divorce in the family court in Singapore in person or by hiring a professional lawyer to do the same. To prove adultery undersection 95(3)(a) of the Womens Charter, the plaintiff has to prove two elements. These two elements are the fact that adultery has taken place and it is intolerable and impossible to love with the defendant any more. The standard of proof in adultery cases is very high and evidence in the form of confession, evidence by private investigator or detective and pregnancy or birth of child due to adulterous relationship can be used to establish adultery. In case, the plaintiff fails to gather evidence which establish adulterous relationship of their partner, divorce can be initiated on the grounds of unreasonable behavior (Yeen, 2015). Additionally, the Women Charter states that after the plaintiff has had the knowledge of their spouse involvement in adulterous relationship and continues to live with him/her for a period of six months, the plaintiff losses its chance to be granted divorce based on the ground of adultery. Therefore, in the said case, Fredrick and Winnie were married for more than three years which makes them eligible to apply for initiating divorce proceedings in Singapore. In the said case, Fredrick and Winnie were fighting regularly after 12 years of marriage stay out late in the night and returning drunk (Jones, 2014). Winnie being tired of the said situation started having an affair with their neighbor Barry. When Fredrick discovered about his wifes affair, he kept quiet for a while hoping the same to be a passing affair and that Winnie would love him back. However, Winnie started can in the said case apply for a writ of divorce in the Singapore Family Court on the grounds of adultery and impossible to live with partner. Fredrick clearly justifies the two elements which are required to be proved in adultery that is presence of adulterous relationship and impossible to live with partner. However, he has to establish the adulterous relationship of his wife Winnie and Barry and state that he tried to live with her but she made it impossible by her comments. Additionally, Fredrik will lose his chance to be eligible to receive divorce on ground of adultery if he stays with Winnie for 6 months after discovering about her affair with Barry (Lee, 2011). Thus, in the said case, assuming Fredrick has not lived with Winnie for 6 months after discovering about her affair can file for a divorce in Singapore on the ground of adultery as states in section 95(3)(a) of the Womens Charter. Reference List DUARA, J. G. (2010).Seeking Gender Equality in the Family Sphere: A Comparative Legal History of Women's Inheritance Rights in India, Hong Kong and Singapore(Doctoral dissertation). Jones, C. P. (2014). human rights of women and children under international law: Will the Child Abduction Treaty Become More" Asian"? A First Look at the Efforts of Singapore and Japan to Implement the Hague Convention.Denv. J. Int'l L. Pol'y,42, 287-479. Kim, L. W. (2010). Law in Singapore on Rights and Responsibilities in Marital Agreements, The.Sydney L. Rev.,32, 257. Kum, L. W. (2011).Singapore Women's Charter: 50 Questions. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Lee, E. (2011). How Divorcees View the Womens Charter.Singapore Women's Charter: Roles, Responsibilities, and Rights in Marriage, 113. Leong, W. K. (2010). Law in Singapore on Rights and Responsibilities in Marital Agreements, The.Sing. J. Legal Stud., 107. Leong, W. K. (2011). The Next Fifty Years of the Womens Charter-Ripples of Change.Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, 152-177. Oswin, N. (2010). Sexual tensions in modernizing Singapore: the postcolonial and the intimate.Environment and Planning D: Society and Space,28(1), 128-141. Oswin, N. (2010). The modern model family at home in Singapore: A queer geography.Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,35(2), 256-268. Soon, C. (2013, May). The changing face of the womens movement in Singapore: From contention, conciliation to contestation?. InConference for E-Democracy and Open Governement(p. 423). Sun, S. H. L., Ee Chong, W., Lim, S. H. (2014). Gender and divorce in contemporary Singapore.Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 127-143. Tan, N. (2014). Ethnic quotas and unintended effects on womens political representation in Singapore.International Political Science Review,35(1), 27-40. Teo, Y. (2010). Shaping the Singapore family, producing the state and society.Economy and Society,39(3), 337-359. Weiss, M. L. (2010). Diversity, Rights, and Rigidity in Singapore.NCJ Int'l L. Com. Reg.,36, 625. Yeen, J. M. C. (2015). Proposed Improvements to the Division of Parties' Beneficial Interests beyond the Women's Charter.SAcLJ,27, 230. Yeoh, B. S., Leng, C. H., Dung, V. T. K. (2013). Commercially arranged marriage and the negotiation of citizenship rights among Vietnamese marriage migrants in multiracial Singapore.Asian Ethnicity,14(2), 139-156.